Photobiomodulation | The Science Behind LED Light
Different wavelengths interact differently with biological tissues
Mitochondria: the powerhouses of the cell
- Light is absorbed by cytochrome c oxidase
- ATP production increases
- Signaling molecules are released
- Fibroblasts become more active
- Collagen and elastin-associated processes are supported
This mechanism is described in the scientific literature on photobiomodulation.
However, there's a critical nuance: aesthetic results – such as wrinkle reduction, firmness, and improved texture – appear over time.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been an active research area for over four decades. The pioneering work of Dr. Tiina Karu and subsequent research led by Professor Michael Hamblin have contributed to understanding how light interacts with biological systems. Recent scientific reviews continue to document these mechanisms and their applications in areas such as well-being and skincare.
The Science of Light
How light interacts with skin
Different wavelengths interact differently with the skin, which is why AVA integrates blue, yellow, red, and near-infrared light.
Red Light (633 nm) for Anti-Aging and Elasticity
Red light targets the dermis to activate fibroblasts responsible for the structural density of the skin.
In a study published in the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B (Lee et al., 2007), the combined use of 633 nm and 830 nm wavelengths was associated with up to a 36% reduction in wrinkle appearance and a 19% increase in skin elasticity, supported by histological analyses highlighting the formation of new collagen fibers. A study by Wunsch & Matuschka (2014) reported clinically significant improvements in collagen density and overall skin appearance, and a randomized controlled clinical trial published in 2023 (Mota et al.) observed an approximate 30% reduction in periorbital wrinkle volume under the utilized protocol.
Near-Infrared Light (850 nm) for Deep Cellular Repair
Near-infrared (NIR) light is invisible to the human eye and penetrates tissues more deeply than visible light, which is why it is extensively studied in the field of photobiomodulation.
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled study published in Medicine (Park et al., 2025) evaluated the use of a home-use mask with 630 nm and 850 nm on 60 participants, observing a significant and objective reduction in wrinkles around the eyes. In addition, systematic reviews in dermatology suggest that NIR light can influence processes associated with tissue regeneration and skin comfort, including the reduction of erythema (redness), without generating significant heat or recovery time.
Blue Light (415 nm) for Acne Treatment
415 nm blue light primarily interacts with the superficial layer of the skin and is extensively studied for its role in the care of blemish-prone skin.
Research shows that certain molecules naturally produced by Cutibacterium acnes absorb this wavelength and generate reactive oxygen species, a mechanism associated with reducing bacteria involved in the appearance of acne. Clinical studies, including research published in the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, suggest that combining 415 nm blue light with red light can contribute to improving the appearance of blemish-prone and red skin, with each wavelength having complementary mechanisms of action.
Yellow Light (590 nm) for Calming and Reducing Redness
Yellow light at 590 nm is studied for its interaction with the superficial layers of the skin and its role in routines dedicated to skin comfort.
Research such as the study conducted by Barolet et al. (2005) has investigated the association of this wavelength with reducing the appearance of redness and supporting superficial microcirculation. For this reason, yellow light is frequently used in modern wellness and skincare devices, especially in contexts aimed at skin comfort and a uniform complexion.
The technical specifications that truly matter
The 3 important specifications
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Power density
The amount of energy that reaches the skin each second. Skin care studies frequently use the 20–60 mW/cm² range.
AVA delivers an irradiance of up to approximately 30 mW/cm², a value that falls within the frequently investigated ranges for photobiomodulation intended for skin care.
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Fluency
The total energy dose delivered in one session. Specialty literature frequently uses the range of 4–10 J/cm² for skin care applications.
In a standard 10-minute session, AVA delivers approximately 9 J/cm², through an automatic timer designed for simple and consistent use.
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Proximity of the diodes
Light intensity decreases with distance. Flexible devices can provide a more even light distribution.
Made from flexible silicone, AVA follows the contours of the face and neck, bringing the 588 LED chips closer to the skin for a more uniform light distribution. It also covers the nose, lip contour, and eye area.
